maryam mahmoudi nosar; ghodsie rezvanian
Abstract
M. Mahmoodi Nosar* G. Rezvanian**
Mazandaran University
Abstract
Literary Restoration ...
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M. Mahmoodi Nosar* G. Rezvanian**
Mazandaran University
Abstract
Literary Restoration style, one of the most long-lasting periods of Persian literature, begins from early years of Safavid era till the Constitution. The outstanding feature wide spread in poetry of the time is vulgarity in words and concepts and inattention to ethics and morality. Such vulgarity can be found poems lampooning the rulers, mockery of women, mockery of people of the city, smut, witticism and facetiousness. This study first mentions examples of topics from poetry of Literary Restoration period and then explores the etiology of outbreak of such topics by presenting the historical, political, social, cultural and psychological background. It is argued that a return to style of poets like Anvari, Souzani, and Khaqani on the one hand, and consequences of political instabilities and social and individual collapse of ethics on the other hand found its way into the poems.
* PH.D. Candidate of Persian Language & Literature, msmahmoodi_13@yahoo.com
** Associate Prof of Persian Language & Literature, ghrezvan@umz.ac.ir
