Journal of Poetry Studies (boostan Adab)

New evidences on the meaning and use of Bolbol in Persian narrative texts

mohammad hadi khaleghzadeh

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 January 2025

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2024.51570.4580

Abstract

Nightingale, as a singing bird, which is also known as Zandkhavan, Zandbaf and Zandavaf, has a special place in Persian literature. Ferdowsi, in the beginning of Rostam and Esfandiar ... Read More

The Morphology of the Heroic Story “Babr-e Bayān” Based on Vladimir Propp's Theory

ali reza tavbanmehr; mohammad hadi khaleghzadeh; mehdi famouri

Volume 14, Issue 2 , September 2022, , Pages 29-58

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2021.40927.4057

Abstract

The Morphology of the Heroic Story “Babr-e Bayān” Based on Vladimir Propp's Theory IntroductionSome great thinkers worked in the field of narratology including Vladimir ... Read More The Morphology of the Heroic Story “Babr-e Bayān” Based on Vladimir Propp's Theory IntroductionSome great thinkers worked in the field of narratology including Vladimir Propp. Studying a large number of Russian fairy tales, Propp could define a consistent pattern for these tales; So, he identified 31-function pattern. Once the theories of formalism and constructivism were formed and popularized, Propp developed This type of format and structural analysis of stories. According to the mythical story plot it seems that we can find Vladimir Propp's claimed characters in Babr-e Bayān poem, whose author is unknown, and try to follow the functions. We investigate three stories in this poem: Rostam's battle with an aquatic animal called Babr-e Bayān, making Babr-e Bayān cloth from the skin of the aquatic animal for Rostam, and Faramarz conception; the stories include many fictional propositions which can be examined through the morphological components of the story. Methodology This is an analytical-descriptive article which attempts to investigate the structure of the epic poem of Babr-e Bayān, from an unknown author, based on the theory of Vladimir Propp. The background of the study includes the books of morphology of fairy tales and the historical roots of the fairy tales by Vladimir Propp; also, people such as Todorov, Bremond and Greimas present some ideas about structural analysis of narrative based on Propp's theories. In this regard, there are some articles such as: Criticism of Sequences of Hero's Functions in Propp's Theory of Morphology (Based on the morphology of three stories in Shahnameh) by Khavar Qorbani and Keyvan Gourk, Morphology of Mazandaran war story based on Propp Theory by Bahram Jalalipoor, and Analysis and comparison of the narrative structure of Nezami’s tales, black & sandal domes from Haft Paykar based on Vladimir Propps’ morphological patterns of fairy tales by Fereshteh Naseri, Abdulhossein Farzad, Amir Hossein Mahoozi. However, according to my investigations there are no independent research about the morphilogy of Babr-e Bayān poem based on Propp's theory. This is a library research method article which is done by analytical description of the text. Data Analysis and DiscussionFunctions pattern in Babr-e Bayān poemAccording to the 31 functions in Babr-e Bayān poem and the narrative process stages, and based on the 6 stages of planning for the events, complication, transfer, encountering, return, and recognition, which is the stage for functions appearance, narrative structural pattern can be as follows:β ƴ δ ζ εη ϴAaBC↑DEFGHJIK↓ PrRsOLMQEXTUWAll of the Propp’s functions can be find in the 6 stages of planning in this epic poem. All the functions can be observed in a symbol:β ƴ δ ζ εη ϴAaBC↑DEFGHJIK↓ PrRsOLMQEXTUW these functions indicate that this epic story is consist of a general movement and some internal movements. 31 functions can be find in the general movement. Another issue is that the story is made of the Propp’s general confrontational movements:M_________WThe movements contributed directly to the balance of the stories and any problem will cause the loss of this balance, so by reaching to some kind of final function they return to the story again. A story can consist of one or more movements. The movements can also have different movements. However, it can be also a single story. Meanwhile, these movements excite the story and determine the main structure and theme of the story. The movements of Babr-e Bayān are as follow:β____________ δA____________C↑____________ GH____________KO____________MM___________WHowever, it is necessary to consider two inner movements that occur inside the main movement, since they upset the balance of the narrative. Inside the main movement of the Babr-e Bayān, removing the two movements of “Alborz and Zal confrontation and blackmail on him” and “Galimine Goosh confrontation and submitting to Rostam” also should be considered however, However, they have not caused complexity and disrupted the norm of the story. The general movement of Babr-e Bayān is as follows: Babr-e Bayān crisis which leads to the people complain and the India opinion against him (crisis 1)Killing Babr-e Bayān by Rostam (balance)In this poem, the M__W can be find in a general movement. Motivational elements (Babr-e Bayān should be killed because he injures the Indians) and violence (Babr-e Bayān damages the property of the Indians and set fire to everywhere) affect the functions. Prop also suggested another movement organization based on content of the story:- extension through function of H-I (war and conflict)- extension through function of M-N (hard work)- extension through two functions of H-I and M-N (conflict and hard work)- extension with no function ConclusionThe investigation showed 7 characters among the poem all characters. However, some characters played integrated roles; such as Galimine Goosh who has shown not only as the bad man but also found the role of a collaborator through some events. 31 functions of Propp could be find in the morphological representation but not sequentially. Extension of functions was found in the form of conflict-victory which seems that many epic stories follow this extension pattern due to their structure. It seems that Babr-e Bayān is a case which can remove an ambiguity in Shahnameh; despite some opinions who know Babr-e Bayān as a kind of tiger, it, Patyāre, is an aquatic animal that is killed by Rostam and then making cloth from its skin. Keywords: Narratology, Structuralism, Morphology, Vladimir Propp, Babr-e Bayān Poem Refrences Books:- Barth, R. (2008). Structural Analysis of Narrative. Trans: Azin Hosseinzadeh. Tehran: Markaz- Eagleton, T. (2009). Literary Theory: An Introduction. Trans: Abbas Mokhber. Tehran: Markaz- Ferdowsi, A. (2007). Shahnameh (edition by jalal Khaleghi-Motlagh). Tehran: Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia- Gerard, G. (2019). Narrative Discourse: An Essay In Method. Trans: Masoome Zavarian. Tehran: Samt- Guerin, W. (2016). The Foundations of Literary Criticism. Trans: Farzaneh Taheri. Tehran: Niloofar- Khadish, P. (2008). Morphology of Magical Legends. Tehran: Scientific and cultural publication - Khadish, P., & Davoodimoqadam, F. (2020). Narrative Patterns of Persian Tales and Myths. Tehran: Samt- Khaleqi Motlagh, J., & Dehbashi, A. (2003). Babr-e Bayān, Gol- e ranjha- ye kohan. Tehran: Markaz- McQuillan, M. (2009). The Narrative Reader. Trans: Fatah Mahmoodi. Tehran: Minooye Kherad- Mirsadeqi, J. (1997). Fiction. Tehtan: Sokhan- Okhovat, A. (1992). On literature The Grammar of Stories. Isfahan: Farda- Payandeh, H.(2018). Critical Theory : An Interdisciplinary Coursebook (Volume I). Tehran: Samt- Propp, V. (2007). Morphology of the Folktale. Trans: Fereydoon Badrehiey. Tehran: Toos- Propp, V. (2018). Morphology of the Folktale. Trans: Fereydoon Badrehiey. Tehran: Toos- Qafoori, R. (2015). Seven Epic Poems : Bijan Nameh, Kak Koohzad Nameh, Babr-e Bayān, Patyāre, Short Tahmineh Nameh, Long Tahmineh Nameh, Razm Nameh Shekavand Kooh. Tehran : Mirasmaktoob- Safa, Z. (1973). Epic In Iran. Tehran: Amir Kabir- Scholes, R. (2004). An Introduction to Structuralism in Literature. Tran: Farzaneh Taheri. Tehran: Agah- Sorami, GH. (2004). From the Color of Flowers to the Suffering of Thorns. Tehran: Scientific and cultural publication - Wallace, M. (2010). Theories of Narrative. Trans: Mohammad Shahba. Tehran: Hermes Articles:- Aydenloo, S. (1999). Another Approach To The Babr-e Bayān Of Shahnameh. Nameh Parsi. No. 15. Pp: 5-17- Aydenloo, S. (2015). Seven Poems Following Shahnameh. Jahaneketab. No. 1 & 2. Pp: 17-24- Mirhashemi, M., Saadatinia, Z. (2016). The Morphology of Mahan Mesry's Legend Based on the Theory of Vladimir Propp. Journal of Literary Text Research. Volume 20. No. 70. Pp: 73-89- Qafoori, R. (2014). Rostam’s Battle With Patyāre: Another Narration Of The Babr-e Bayān. Textual Criticism of Persian Literature; Faculty of Letters & Humanities. University of Isfahan. New issue. No. 3. Pp: 75-88- Rezayie dash arzhane, M. (2014). An Introduction To The Link Between Babr-e Bayān And The Kunya Of Sagazi In Shahnameh. Lorestan Journal of Heroic Literature. 1st year. No. 2. Pp: 47-72

Was Manouchehr's Kingdom a Hundred and Twenty Years Old One? A Discussion on Manouchehr's Years of Life and Kingdom, Based on Pahlavi and Historical Narratives and Orally-Narrated Scrolls )

mohammad shiroei; abdolnaser nazaryani

Volume 12, Issue 4 , March 2021, , Pages 171-192

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2019.34690.3500

Abstract

Abstract Copies of the Shahnameh contain titles that describe the beginning of the kingdom or the title of the event. At the beginning of Manouchehr's kingdom, the following ... Read More

And Her name is Banu Goshasp (Introducing a Poetic Story about Banu Goshasp's Marriage to Giv Goudarz)

Reza Ghafouri

Volume 12, Issue 4 , March 2021, , Pages 219-250

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2019.34187.3450

Abstract

Abstract Banu Goshasp, the daughter of Rustam and wife of Giv, is the most famous heroine of Iranian epic poetry. In Shahname, no reference is given to this heroine, but in ... Read More

Reflecting on the recording and description of some verses of the Shahnameh

Ghodratollah Rasm; mahmoud rezaei dasht arzhaneh

Volume 12, Issue 3 , November 2020, , Pages 61-86

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2019.33693.3402

Abstract

Abstract Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is a marvel on which the more we reflect and contemplate, the more we confront its linguistic dlicacies and nested meanings. Shahnameh ... Read More

A Review of Evidence of Welfare and Social Security in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh

ABDOLLAH SHAHRIAR; Ramin Sadeginajhad; maryam mohammadzadeh

Volume 12, Issue 3 , November 2020, , Pages 113-134

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2019.32452.3296

Abstract

Abstract Welfare and social security are assigned as indicators of progress in developed societies. A review of historical documents and the social observations, ... Read More

A study on the antiquity and originality of Mohammad Hanafieh's Jangname

rahim farajollahi; Gholamhosein Isfahan

Volume 12, Issue 3 , November 2020, , Pages 159-186

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2019.33137.3346

Abstract

Abstract Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abu Talib, known as Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, has inadvertently become the central figure of a number of Ghali and extremist sects of moderate ... Read More

The Study on the new sources in relation to the name of the poet and estimate the time of compilation of the Old Burzō-nāma

farzad ghaemi

Volume 12, Issue 1 , June 2020, , Pages 122-150

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2019.31543.3217

Abstract

In the research of Iranian and Western scholars to this day, the old part of Burzō-nāma is initially attributed to Atāii-e Rāzi, and then to a poet named Shams-oddin Mohammad-e ... Read More

On a Line of Poetry Attributed to Ferdowsi (You are the beginning and the end of the universe)

sajad aydenlo

Volume 11, Issue 2 , September 2019, , Pages 1-30

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2018.30122.3079

Abstract

One of the famous stories about Ferdowsi is that a Sheikh, who had not prayed on his body, dreamed at night that Ferdowsi was in heaven due to one line of poetry. In most ... Read More

Kandaharnama of Mirza Abdul Qader Tuni

sharareh tajmirriyahi

Volume 11, Issue 1 , June 2019, , Pages 41-64

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2018.28850.2957

Abstract

M. Rezaei Dashtarjane* S. Tajmir Riahi** ... Read More

A Study of the Relationship Between Poetry, Miniature and Power: a Semantic Study of “Keshti-e-shi'a” Painting (Shia’s Ship) of the Shah Tahmasp Shahnameh

Volume 10, Issue 2 , October 2018, , Pages 45-72

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2017.25603.2689

Abstract

A Study of the Relationship Between Poetry, Miniature and Power: a Semantic Study of “Keshti-e-shi'a” Painting (Shia’s Ship) of the Shah Tahmasp Shahnameh M. ... Read More

The Rights of Prisoners of War in Shahnameh According to the Third Geneva Convention (1949)

somayeh ershadi; ahmad zakeri

Volume 10, Issue 1 , May 2018, , Pages 1-22

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2017.25709.2701

Abstract

The Rights of Prisoners of War in Shahnameh According to the Third Geneva Convention (1949) S. Ershadi* ... Read More The Rights of Prisoners of War in Shahnameh According to the Third Geneva Convention (1949) S. Ershadi* A. Zakeri** Islamic Azad University of Iran, Karaj Branch Abstract One of the significant aspects of human rights in international conflicts that actually has greater executive power than other relevant provisions is the rules governing the treatment of prisoners of war. Among the international treaties, the Third Geneva Convention, adopted in 1949, is the most important and the most comprehensive document on the protection of the rights of prisoners of war. Captivity and discussion about the rights of prisoners of wars is one of the remarkable issues in Shahnameh that is seen during the wars and with various and sometimes different patterns by the poet. Since Shahnameh includes the customs and laws of war and represents Iranian civilization as well as other ethnicities of the ancient times in this area, it is one of the richest and important resources that can reveal aspects of rituals and policies of governments about the rights of prisoners in different historical periods. This study aims to evaluate different aspects of the rights of prisoners of war in Shahnameh based on the articles and provisions of the Third Geneva Convention. It is argued that Iranian kings in Shahnameh in comparison to non-Iranian kings were more committed to the human dignity and rights of prisoners of war and behaved more humanely towards them. On the other hand, respecting the rights of prisoners of war in the historical period, especially among the Sassanid Kings, is more tangible than the other two periods and it mainly covers securing the prisoners. Keywords: prisoners of war, the rights of prisoners of war, the Third Geneva Convention, Shahnameh. * PH. D. candidate in Persian Language & Literature, ershadi.s92@gmail.com ** Associate Prof of Persian Language & Literature, a- zakeri@kiau.ac.ir

Sound and Meaning in Shahnameh

gita zakeri; abdolhosein farzad

Volume 9, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 97-120

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2016.3891

Abstract

There is a close relationship between sound and meaning and the way phonemes are deployed and the conveyed meanings are intertwined. In choosing their words, language speakers are highly ... Read More

A Discussion on the transfer of Manouchehr’s defeat by Afrasiab to Nozar

Hossein NAJARI; Ali Farzane qasrodashti; Mahmoud Rezaei Dasht Arzhaneh

Volume 9, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 169-184

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2016.3892

Abstract

Some of the narratives in Shahnameh are different from what is cited in other sources. One of the reasons for this discrepancy could be due to the changes that happen in epic narratives ... Read More

A review on Shahryarname and its composing period

Reza Ghafouri

Volume 9, Issue 4 , March 2017, , Pages 119-142

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2017.25212.2654

Abstract

A Look at Shahryarnameh and the Period it Was Composed R. Ghafouri* Hazrat-e-Narjes University of Rafsenjan Abstract Shahriyarnameh is one of the heroic literary ... Read More

Poetry narrative review of the end of borzo’s life

Reza Ghafouri

Volume 8, Issue 4 , February 2017, , Pages 105-128

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2017.3870

Abstract

The fame of the story of Rostam and Sohrab among the people and the tragic ending of the story resulted in the production of many imitative stories one of which is Borzunameh. ... Read More

The last years of the reign of Khosrow-Parviz and his adventures with Shahr-baraz

Volume 8, Issue 4 , February 2017, , Pages 179-198

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2017.3784

Abstract

Shahrbaraz is one of the most famous commanders of Khosrow Parviz who fought with the Roman Empire (Byzantine) and won great victories. He captured Jerusalem and sent the cross that ... Read More

The consider of some abvious point in Zarrinqabaname

Reza Ghafouri

Volume 8, Issue 2 , July 2016, , Pages 191-214

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2016.3534

Abstract

Zarrīnqabānāmah is an epic verse about the coming of a messenger from the prophet Sulaymān to the imperial court of KayKhusraw to invite Iranian people to the religion of God. Subsequently, ... Read More

Recognition of Siavash's story based on a psychoanalytic -Literary opinion: Siavash, the victim of a consciousness transition of Iranian people from the Instinct - based Provisions of the King (With

Ali Sadeghi Manesh

Volume 7, Issue 4 , April 2016, , Pages 97-116

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2016.3167

Abstract

This study proposes a literary-psychoanalytic theory built upon Freud's paradigm. In short, through a psychoanalytic criticism of the story of Siavash, researchers try to find out whether ... Read More

The Shahnameh of Ferdowsi on ambiguity of location

Volume 7, Issue 3 , December 2015, , Pages 38-56

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2015.2584

Abstract

Great epics have a special thematic and linguistic structure indicative of their common features. Since time and place in epics and their numerous narratives vary greatly across different ... Read More

Narrative approach to the character archetype of the eternal relying on Shahnameh stories

Volume 7, Issue 1 , May 2015, , Pages 177-198

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2015.2410

Abstract

Narration is one of the most important elements in story, epic, and myth; and is considered the foundation of any statement. All linguistic references rely upon narration to convey ... Read More

Analysis of love and marriage’s deep structure in epic

mohamad kazem kahdouei; mohamad reza najarian

Volume 6, Issue 4 , March 2015, , Pages 47-80

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2015.2375

Abstract

The main theory of this study is to point out the existing difference between lyric and epic love. On the one hand, this Issue has not been done in Iran and the other hand the Iranian ... Read More

A Survey of the Concept of Power in Shahnameh From Hannah Arendt

mohamadreza salehi mazandarani

Volume 6, Issue 4 , March 2015, , Pages 107-126

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2015.2402

Abstract

AbstractHannah Arendt’s concept of power as the political philosopher of the twentieth century is completely different from the previous interpretations. Arendt believes that ... Read More

war psychology in Shahname Ferdowsi

kheirollah mahmoudi

Volume 6, Issue 4 , March 2015, , Pages 171-192

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2015.2404

Abstract

Psychological attitudes in Shahname Ferdowsi .Shahname ferdowsi is on epic letter whose most part in consisted of war since human force is one of the most influential factors on war, ... Read More

رویکردی انتقادی به نوع حَماسی در ادبیّات فارسی

Volume 5, Issue 4 , July 2014, , Pages 41-66

https://doi.org/10.22099/jba.2014.1497

Abstract

In Persian literature genre of epic has been explained? In the stereotypical, repetitive and relatively Western Definition of Epic genre in Iran, Heritage of Persian literature has ... Read More

Volume 16 (2024)

Volume 15 (2023)

Volume 14 (2022)

Volume 13 (2021)

Volume 12 (2020)

Volume 11 (2019)

Volume 10 (2018)

Volume 9 (2017)

Volume 8 (2016)

Volume 7 (2015)

Volume 6 (2014)

Volume 5 (2013)

Volume 4 (2012)

Volume 3 (2011)

Volume 2 (2010)

Volume 1 (2009)

Main Subjects = متون حماسی

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