Symbolic Dimensions and Allusive Language of Ibrahim’s Tale In Mystical Texts till the End of Seventh Century (A.H)
حسین
آقاحسینی
دانشگاه اصفهان
author
سمانه
زراعتی
دانشگاه اصفهان
author
text
article
2012
per
Aghahoseini* S. Zeraati**
Isfahan University
Allusive language is a language which uses symbol, allusion, codes, and allegory to convey meaning; in spite of being implicit, it is quite systematic and coherent. The basis of this hermeneutic language, which is against literal language, should be sought in the Quran and the quotations of Imams because most of divine concepts have been stated through symbolic and allegorical language in such a way that each person can receive some parts of it proportional to his understanding. In some commentaries of the Quran, there are some quotations which show special languages have been defined for common people, elites, prophets, and saints. One of the tales of the Holy Quran, which has been mentioned many times is the tale of Ibrahim (PBUH). He is one of Ololazm Prophets (prophets who possess firmness and determination) and great messengers of God. In the Quran there is an exemplary tale about him, whose symbolic dimensions have been mentioned in the form of fiction. The views of mystics and commentators towards this tale are different. In mystical texts different dimensions and characters of this tale have been used symbolically. Ibrahim and Ismail symbolize true Wayfarers and Azar and Nimrud represent obstacles against Progression. In this article the symbolic view of mystics to the elements of this tale has been explained.
* Associate Professor in Persian Language & Literature, h.aghahosaini@ltr.ui.ac.ir
** M.A. Student in Persian Language & Literature, sm.zeraati@yahoo.com
Received: 08/31/2010 Accepted: 08/08/2011
Journal of Poetry Studies (boostan Adab)
Shiraz University
2008-8183
3
v.
4
no.
2012
1
20
https://jba.shirazu.ac.ir/article_260_0c6fbedf5999ec8b95cf0c69f1cd8ef3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22099/jba.2012.260
A New Look at Mas'ud Bag-e Bokharaie
نجف
جوکار
دانشگاه شیراز
author
text
article
2012
per
Jowkar*
Shiraz University
Ahmad Ibn Muhammad NakhshabiBokharaieDehlavi, known as Mas'ud Bag, a Persian writer of the 8th and 9th centuries (AH) who turned to mysticism and became a devotee of Chishtitariqat has left behind insightful writings and poetry. Though he is famous outside Iran, especially in India and Pakistan, he is not much known inside Iran. His mystical writings reflect views of such great writers as Ein al-Qozat-e Hamadani, Atar, Sa'di, and a few others. In this paper, the often contradictory narratives of biographies about the life and works of Mas'ud Bag are compared. By referring to his poetry and his books, Mer'at al-'Arefin, a clearer picture of the events of his life and his views is extracted. His name, title, his relations, his ruling of Transoxania, his rejection of the material world, and his connection to the Chishtitariqat are also discussed.
* Professor in Persian Language & Literature, n.jowkar@yahoo.com
Received: 04/03/2011 Accepted: 07/03/2011
Journal of Poetry Studies (boostan Adab)
Shiraz University
2008-8183
3
v.
4
no.
2012
21
44
https://jba.shirazu.ac.ir/article_261_5254e151e6d797a0d7de41cc7b9d06d0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22099/jba.2012.261
The Equivoque of Congeries in Khaghanis’ odes
علی
حیدری
دانشگاه لرستان
author
اعظم
فروغی پویا
دانشگاه لرستان
author
text
article
2012
per
Heydari* A. Foroghy Poua**
Lorestan University
One of the most important literary devices which creates ambiguities in discourse and deter the intended meaning is the equivoque of congeries. This literary device, which was viewed by earlier poets as ambiguity rather than the equivoque of congeries, was more prominent in Khaghani’s poetry so that it became a unique style in his poetic composition, further leading to Khaghani’s intricate style. Khaaghani is one of the very few poets who has been able to decorate the essence of his poetry via this strategy and to make use of it knowingly to make his poetry abstruse. In order to achieve this goal, he has devised innovations unnoticed by rhetoricians. Sometimes by utilizing this kind of multiplicity in meaning, he obscures the reader's direct grasp of his poems' meanings. This article attempts to study the ambiguity of equivoque of congeries in khaghani’s odes; it also reviews the ideas of literary scholars on the concerned issue.
* Assistant Professor in Persian Language & Literature, Ali_heydari13462006@yahoo.com
** M.A.Student in Persian Language & Literature, Azam_foroogh11362@yahoo.com
Received: 01/22/2011 Accepted: 09/21/2011
Journal of Poetry Studies (boostan Adab)
Shiraz University
2008-8183
3
v.
4
no.
2012
45
66
https://jba.shirazu.ac.ir/article_262_96749d94813ed9c0102debf4b1642d27.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22099/jba.2012.262
A Comparative Study on Eagle’s Code between Umar Abu Riishah and ParvizNatelKhanlari
سیدمحمد
رضی مصطفوی نیا
دانشگاه قم
author
محمودرضا
توکلی
دانشگاه قم
author
سلمان
محمودی
دانشگاه قم
author
text
article
2012
per
M. Razi* M. Tavakoli Mohammadi** S. Mahmoudi***
Qom University
Undoubtedly, ParvizNatelKhanlari and Umar Abu Riishah are two great poets of Persian and Arabic literature. Bothhave a strong tendency towardstheir national literature and are influenced by the European literature. The former is impressed mostly by French Literature and the latter is informed by that of England. This impression is related to a distinct period of the European literature when there was a growing tendency among the literati towards coding the mythology of Ancient Greece and Rome.Technically speaking, code meansa sign, hint, word, combination of words, or a phrase that denotes something other than the usual thing it is taken to mean .Both Natelkhanlari and Umar Abu Riishah employ Eagle as the code in their respective works, the Eagle Masnavi (Mathnavi) and Nasr Ode. The development of events and themes of these two literary works is so similar that some verses can be regarded as equivalents. Due to this proximity in theme and procedure of events, the researcher has attempted to investigate it in the aforementioned poems. The present study, through probing the historical situations, biographies, and analyzing the poems of these two poets, intends to investigate whether these two poets have influenced each other and how successful they have been in conveying the intended concepts.Lack of mutual influence, presence of the concepts of freedom, and greatness in the two poems, and Khanlari’sdetailed writing and the brevity of Abu Riisha’s accounts are among the findings of the present study.
* Assistant Professor in Arabic Language & Literature, dr_amostafaviniya@yahoo.com
** Instructor & Ph. D. Candidate in Arabic Language & Literature, mrtavakoly@yahoo.com
*** M.A. Student in Arabic Language & Literature, salmanmahmoodi63@yahoo.com
Received: 11/24/2010 Accepted: 08/02/2011
Journal of Poetry Studies (boostan Adab)
Shiraz University
2008-8183
3
v.
4
no.
2012
67
78
https://jba.shirazu.ac.ir/article_263_0eaa5cd9f849f1a3400c066d8beb9238.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22099/jba.2012.263
A critique of Amsal and Hikam (Proverbs and wisdom)
منصوره
زرکوب
دانشگاه اصفهان
author
text
article
2012
per
Zarkoub*
Isfahan University
One of the most accredited sources of Persian popular literature is the book titled “Amsal and Hikam”(proverbs and wisdom)written by Dehkhoda.His book consists of more than thirty thousand proverbs, wisdom, idioms, metaphors, news, and sayings. This is the result of his continuous study and research and demonstrates his perseverance, acuity, talent and presence of mind. The book makes the reader full of surprised admiration, particularlyknowing thatthe contents of the book were collected when there was no access to such facilities as the computer and the Internet search engines. However, since it is not devoid of problems, it is urgent to take steps to amend and modify the erroneous parts of this noteworthy book. The errors include mixing proverb entries according to the subjects, using Arabic proverbs without their references, and the mismatch between Persian proverbs and Arabic equivalences. The present study is an attempt to accomplish only a fraction of this huge undertaking by scrutinizing and analyzing some Persian proverbs and their Arabic equivalences. Incidentally, the Arabic proverbs sampled here have been documented. The main reason why Dehkhodahas made mistakes in choosing appropriate equivalences for proverbs is that he has mostly taken account of the subjects of proverbs and neglected the contexts in which these proverbs are used. Some other reasons can be listed as follows: taking into account only a part of the stories behind the proverbs, putting the proverbs into the wrong category with respect to their subjects, and considering only some sections or vocabularies of a given proverb.
* Assistant Professor in Arabic Language & Literature, zarkoobm@yahoo.com
Received: 06/16/2010 Accepted: 08/14/2011
Journal of Poetry Studies (boostan Adab)
Shiraz University
2008-8183
3
v.
4
no.
2012
89
114
https://jba.shirazu.ac.ir/article_264_d72b38a0a02bc43b7db13a106b365a99.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22099/jba.2012.264
Saeb Tabrizi: A Discussion of the Length and the Depth of Human Life
محمدرضا
موحدی
دانشگاه قم
author
text
article
2012
per
Movahedi*
Qom University
Human’s limited life span has been a constant preoccupation for them. Iranian scholars have, over centuries, spoken of the secret to a long life. Saeb Tabrizi, a poet of the 11th century, has elaborated on the issue from various perspectives. This article primarily reveals the factors, which he believed lead to a prolonged human life, followed by an enumeration of the elements which, according to him, shortened the life span. A discussion of the similes he used for life and the notions he portrayed by each will form another section of the article. Referring to his critical and sardonic regard of a longing for the long life of Khezr’s and the consequences of a long life, the article concludes, reminding the readers that more important than the length is the depth of human life.
* Assistant professor in Persian language & literature, movahedi1345@yahoo.com
Received: 01/30/2011 Accepted: 09/28/2011
Journal of Poetry Studies (boostan Adab)
Shiraz University
2008-8183
3
v.
4
no.
2012
115
138
https://jba.shirazu.ac.ir/article_265_30fb0ec9813d3d363cb84d36809ecaab.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22099/jba.2012.265
Deletion of Prepositions before Axial Parts
راضیه
مهدی بیرقدار
دانشگاه پیام نور دامغان
author
علی
درزی
دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2012
per
Mehdi Beyraghdar* A. Darzi**
Payam Noor University of Damqan Tehran University
The present study makes a case for the deletion of spatial prepositions before axial parts in Persian. To do so, two hypotheses are compared and classified. According to the first one, the very semantic redundancy between spatial prepositions and axial parts is considered to be the cause of makingthe deletion of prepositions before axial parts possible. Based on the second hypothesis, we propose that the possibility of the deletion of prepositions before axial parts depends upon not only the semantic redundancy between spatial prepositions and axial parts, but also the semantic class of verbs. To support our hypothesis, we classify the Persian spatial elementsbased on the three criteria proposed by Tyler and Ivans (2007) and show that the possibility of deleting prepositions before axial parts depends on not only the semantic redundancy between spatial prepositions and axial parts, but also the semantic class of verbs as well.
* Assistant professor in General Linguistics, razieh.beyraghdar@gmail.com
** Associate Professor in General Linguistics, adarzi@ut.ac.ir
Received: 09/19/2010 Accepted: 09/21/2011
Journal of Poetry Studies (boostan Adab)
Shiraz University
2008-8183
3
v.
4
no.
2012
139
166
https://jba.shirazu.ac.ir/article_266_1069ca1a96f4be6f089bd4d17af59b98.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22099/jba.2012.266
Ten Mystical Demons from the Middle Persian to Faramarznameh
اکبر
نحوی
دانشگاه شیراز
author
رضا
غفوری
دانشگاه شیراز
author
text
article
2012
per
Nahvi* R. Ghafouri**
Shiraz University
Two types of national epics are known in Persian, based on their authenticity and time of narration: a group attributed to pre-Islamic sources, and the other recounted by the narrators of the Islamic period, imitating the epics in Shahname. “Faramarzname” is a representative of the latter group, in which Berahman, in response to Faramarz, names ten pixies/mystical demons. This article reveals the antiquity and originality of the epic throughout its comparative analysis with other texts and epics of the ancient Iran.
* Associate Professor in Persian Language & Literature, aknahvi@yahoo.com
** Ph. D. Candidate in Persian Language & Literature, reza_ghafouri1360@yahoo.com
Received: 02/27/2011 Accepted: 07/03/2011
Journal of Poetry Studies (boostan Adab)
Shiraz University
2008-8183
3
v.
4
no.
2012
167
186
https://jba.shirazu.ac.ir/article_267_2fe6adc2884dd7dc6221df7598d98d0c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22099/jba.2012.267
An Investigation into a Number of Lori Words of the Province of Kohgiluye and Boyerahmad in Ferdowsi’s Shahname
یوسف
نیکروز
دانشگاه یاسوج
author
text
article
2012
per
Nikrouz*
Yasouj University
The present study was the result of teaching a course in Shahnameh during which I encountered a number of verses and unknown words which have not been defined correctly or whose etymological information has not yet been determined. This led the researcher to bring under scrutiny the verses and the words of this important masterpiece. The findings indicate that in this important work of art, which is a rich source for the Persian Language, there are a significant number of words taken from regional accents, which have not been defined correctly or whose etymological information has not been determined yet. In defining these words, careful attention has not been paid to the sense in which they are used in the poems. In the present study, an attempt is made to define and find the etymological information of some Lorish words of the Province of Kohgiluye and Boyerahmad in Shahname, paying close attention to the sense in which they are used in poems. The assumption is that of the different language varieties in Iran, Lori has the closest ties to the Old and Middle Persian. Some of these ties have been highlighted in the current study. It is because of such ties that, after the holy Quran, Shahname is the only book which has a unique position among Lors, especially those from the Province of Kohgiluye and Boyerahmad.
* Assistant Professor of Persian language & literature, ynikrouz@mail.yu.ac.ir
Received: 04/19/2011 Accepted: 08/14/2011
Journal of Poetry Studies (boostan Adab)
Shiraz University
2008-8183
3
v.
4
no.
2012
187
202
https://jba.shirazu.ac.ir/article_268_b0dddc693b1d32164d2654a97647842f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22099/jba.2012.268