دانشگاه شیراز شعر پژوهی(بوستان ادب) 2008-8183 2 4 2011 01 21 Another Comprehension from Equivoque in Hafez’s Verse فهمی از رندی‌های حافظ  (نگاهی دیگر به ایهام تبادر در شعر حافظ) 127 146 301 10.22099/jba.2012.301 FA جهاندوست سبزعلی پور دانشگاه آزاد اسلام واحد رشت Journal Article 2012 09 24 <strong> </strong> <strong> Sabzalipour</strong><strong>*</strong> Islamic Azad University, Rasht Brench   There is a plethora of studies about Hafez and equivoque (<em>Iham e tabadoor</em>) in his poems. Equivoque in the lyric poems (gazal) of Hafez is quite evident. It is a rhetorical embellishment in which a word reminds the reader of another word that has a similar form or is homophonous with it. There are many terms used as synonyms of Equivoque in Persian literature. This article classifies Equivoque in Hafez’s verse into three levels: word level, component level, and verse level.     . j.sabzalipor@yahoo.com Assistant professor, of  Persian language and literature** <strong>Received:5/4/2009                 Accepted:</strong><strong>10/6/2010</strong> <strong>دکتر جهان‌دوست</strong><strong> </strong><strong>سبزعلی‌پور</strong><strong>*</strong><strong> </strong> دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد رشت <strong> </strong> <strong>چکیده</strong> <strong>درباره‌ی حافظ</strong><strong> </strong><strong>و</strong><strong> </strong><strong>انواع</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ایهام</strong><strong> </strong><strong>در</strong><strong> </strong><strong>شعر او</strong><strong> </strong><strong>بسیار</strong><strong> </strong><strong>نوشته‌اند،</strong><strong> </strong><strong>به قدری که </strong><strong>شهرت</strong><strong> </strong><strong>حافظ</strong><strong> </strong><strong>به</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ایهام</strong><strong>‌</strong><strong>گویی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>بر</strong><strong> </strong><strong>همگان</strong><strong> </strong><strong>آشکار است.</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ایهام</strong><strong> </strong><strong>تبادر</strong><strong> </strong><strong>آن</strong><strong> </strong><strong>است</strong><strong> </strong><strong>که</strong><strong> </strong><strong>واژ</strong><strong>ه</strong><strong>‌ای</strong><strong> </strong><strong>از</strong><strong> </strong><strong>کلام،</strong><strong> </strong><strong>واژه‌ی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>دیگری</strong><strong> </strong><strong>را</strong><strong> </strong><strong>که تقریباً</strong><strong> </strong><strong>با</strong><strong> </strong><strong>آن</strong><strong> </strong><strong>هم</strong><strong>‌</strong><strong>شکل یا</strong><strong> </strong><strong>هم‌صدا است،</strong><strong> </strong><strong>به</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ذهن</strong><strong> </strong><strong>متبادر</strong><strong> </strong><strong>کند؛</strong><strong> </strong><strong>معمولاً</strong><strong> </strong><strong>واژه‌ای</strong><strong> </strong><strong>که</strong><strong> </strong><strong>به</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ذهن</strong><strong> </strong><strong>متبادر</strong><strong> </strong><strong>می‌شود،</strong><strong> </strong><strong>با</strong><strong> </strong><strong>کلمه</strong><strong> </strong><strong>یا</strong><strong> </strong><strong>کلماتی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>از کلام</strong><strong>،</strong><strong> </strong><strong>تناسب</strong><strong> </strong><strong>دار</strong><strong>د. </strong><strong>این</strong><strong> </strong><strong>صنعت</strong><strong> </strong><strong>در</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ادب</strong><strong> </strong><strong>فارسی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>و</strong><strong> </strong><strong>بلاغت،  به</strong><strong> </strong><strong>نام‌های</strong><strong> </strong><strong>بسیاری</strong><strong> </strong><strong>از</strong><strong> </strong><strong>جمله: ایهام</strong><strong> </strong><strong>جناس، ایهام تناسب،</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ایهام</strong><strong> </strong><strong>جناسِ</strong><strong> </strong><strong>گونه‌گون‌خوانی،</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ایهام</strong><strong> </strong><strong>چندخوانشی،</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ایهام چندگونه‌خوانی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>و</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ایهام</strong><strong> </strong><strong>دوگونه‌خوانی،</strong><strong> </strong><strong>معروف</strong><strong> </strong><strong>است. تعدادی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>از</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ایهام</strong><strong> </strong><strong>تبادرهای</strong><strong> </strong><strong>شعر</strong><strong> </strong><strong>حافظ،</strong><strong> </strong><strong>قبلاً</strong><strong> </strong><strong>کشف</strong><strong> </strong><strong>و</strong><strong> </strong><strong>معرفی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>شده</strong><strong> </strong><strong>است؛</strong><strong> </strong><strong>با</strong><strong> </strong><strong>این</strong><strong> </strong><strong>حال</strong><strong> </strong><strong>یک</strong><strong> </strong><strong>بررسی تخصصی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>در</strong><strong> </strong><strong>حوزه‌ی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ایهام</strong><strong> </strong><strong>تبادر</strong><strong> </strong><strong>در دیوان</strong><strong> </strong><strong>حافظ،</strong><strong> </strong><strong>زیبایی‌های</strong><strong> </strong><strong>پنهان</strong><strong> </strong><strong>اثر او</strong><strong> </strong><strong>را</strong><strong> </strong><strong>بیش‌تر</strong><strong> </strong><strong>و</strong><strong> </strong><strong>آشکارتر</strong><strong> </strong><strong>می‌کند</strong><strong> </strong><strong>و نشان</strong><strong> </strong><strong>می‌دهد</strong><strong> </strong><strong>چه</strong><strong> </strong><strong>مقدار</strong><strong> </strong><strong>از</strong><strong> </strong><strong>رندی‌های حافظ،</strong><strong> </strong><strong>فهم</strong><strong> </strong><strong>نشده</strong><strong> </strong><strong>باقی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>مانده</strong><strong> </strong><strong>است. آن</strong><strong>‌</strong><strong>چه</strong><strong> </strong><strong>در</strong><strong> </strong><strong>این</strong><strong> </strong><strong>مقاله</strong><strong> </strong><strong>آمده،</strong><strong> </strong><strong>تعدادی از</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ایهام</strong><strong> </strong><strong>تبادرهای</strong><strong> </strong><strong>دیوان حافظ</strong><strong> </strong><strong>است</strong><strong> که به </strong><strong>طور کلی،</strong><strong> </strong><strong>در</strong><strong> </strong><strong>سه سطح</strong><strong> </strong><strong>طبقه‌بندی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>شد</strong><strong>‌ه</strong><strong>‌ است: 1. در</strong><strong> </strong><strong>سطح</strong><strong> </strong><strong>واژه</strong><strong>؛ 2.</strong><strong> </strong><strong>در</strong><strong> </strong><strong>سطح</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ترکیب؛ 3.در</strong><strong> </strong><strong>سطح</strong><strong> </strong><strong>بیت.</strong><strong>هر</strong><strong> </strong><strong>کدام</strong><strong> </strong><strong>از</strong><strong> </strong><strong>موارد فوق</strong><strong> </strong><strong>برحسب شکل</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ظاهری</strong><strong> </strong><strong>و</strong><strong> </strong><strong>معنای «متبادِر» و</strong><strong> </strong><strong>«متبادَر»</strong><strong> </strong><strong>در</strong><strong> </strong><strong>چهار</strong><strong> </strong><strong>نوع</strong><strong> </strong><strong>بررسی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>شده‌‌ است:</strong> <strong>- نوع</strong><strong> </strong><strong>اول</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong><strong>نمون</strong><strong>ه‌</strong><strong>هایی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>که</strong><strong> </strong><strong>به خاطر</strong><strong> </strong><strong>خط</strong><strong>) </strong><strong>تصحیف)</strong><strong> </strong><strong>و</strong><strong> </strong><strong>تلفظ، دو گونه خوانده می‌شوند؛</strong><strong>- نوع</strong><strong> </strong><strong>دوم:</strong><strong> </strong><strong>نمونه</strong><strong>‌</strong><strong>هایی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>که</strong><strong> </strong><strong>متبادِر</strong><strong> </strong><strong>و</strong><strong> </strong><strong>متبادَر،</strong><strong> </strong><strong>هم</strong><strong> </strong><strong>مرکب</strong><strong> </strong><strong>و</strong><strong> </strong><strong>هم</strong><strong> </strong><strong>بسیط</strong><strong> </strong><strong>خوانده</strong><strong> </strong><strong>می‌شوند؛</strong><strong>- نوع</strong><strong> </strong><strong>سوم</strong><strong> :</strong><strong>نمونه</strong><strong>‌</strong><strong>هایی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>که</strong><strong> </strong><strong>متبادِر</strong><strong> </strong><strong>و</strong><strong> </strong><strong>متبادَر</strong><strong> </strong><strong>همچون</strong><strong> </strong><strong>جناس</strong><strong> </strong><strong>زاید،</strong><strong> </strong><strong>حرفی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>کم</strong><strong> </strong><strong>یا</strong><strong> </strong><strong>زیاد</strong><strong> </strong><strong>دارند؛</strong><strong>- نوع</strong><strong> </strong><strong>چهارم</strong><strong> :</strong><strong>نمونه‌هایی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>که</strong><strong> </strong><strong>متبادِر</strong><strong> </strong><strong>در</strong><strong> </strong><strong>یک</strong><strong> </strong><strong>بیت</strong><strong> </strong><strong>و</strong><strong> </strong><strong>متبادَر</strong><strong> </strong><strong>در</strong><strong> </strong><strong>بیت</strong><strong> </strong><strong>دیگری</strong><strong> </strong><strong>است</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>در</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ادامه‌ی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>مقاله</strong><strong> </strong><strong>بعد</strong><strong> </strong><strong>از</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ذکر</strong><strong> </strong><strong>نمونه</strong><strong>‌</strong><strong>ها،</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ایهام</strong><strong> </strong><strong>تبادر</strong><strong> </strong><strong>در</strong><strong> </strong><strong>شعر</strong><strong> </strong><strong>حافظ</strong><strong> </strong><strong>بررسی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>و</strong><strong> </strong><strong>تحلیل</strong><strong> </strong><strong>شده</strong><strong> </strong><strong>و</strong><strong> </strong><strong>با</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ذکر دلایل</strong><strong> </strong><strong>و</strong><strong>  </strong><strong>قراینی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>از</strong><strong> </strong><strong>دیوان</strong><strong> </strong><strong>حافظ،</strong><strong> </strong><strong>تعمدی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>بودن</strong><strong> </strong><strong>احتمالی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>بعضی</strong><strong> </strong><strong>از</strong><strong> </strong><strong>این</strong><strong> </strong><strong>نمونه‌ها،</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ارائه</strong><strong> </strong><strong>شده</strong><strong> </strong><strong>است. </strong> <strong> </strong>     *  استادیار زبان و ادبیات فارسی j.sabzalipor@yahoo.com. <strong>تاریخ دریافت مقاله: 14/2/88                   تاریخ پذیرش مقاله: 14/7/89</strong> https://jba.shirazu.ac.ir/article_301_e1fdfd835ead1a134495b713ed6ced00.pdf