Shiraz University Journal of Poetry Studies (boostan Adab) 2008-8183 11 1 2019 05 22 Graphic Structures and Referrals in the Ghazals of Hafez Graphic Structures and Referrals in the Ghazals of Hafez 83 104 4844 10.22099/jba.2018.28558.2935 FA Ahmad Goli Professor of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Homa Rafiei Moghadam ph.d student Journal Article 2018 02 25 Goli* H. Rafiei Moghadam** Shahid Madani University of Azarbaijan Abstract The geometric design of ghazals of Hafez is considered as the most outstanding feature of his poetry discussed by many critics. Though some have written on the vertical cohesion of his ghazals, more has been written on the horizontal structure and geometrical order of the ghazals. Using literary and textual linguistics it is argued that there is a referential system that make two hemistiches with many close and far-fetched references. Hence Hafez make the vertical structure of his ghazals when there is a dominant narrative structure; while sometimes the horizontal takes over with many near and far-fetched relations inventing graphic structure to be available for the reader. Thus, the vertical and horizontal structure have a dialectic relationship. * Prof of Persian Language & Literature, ah.goli@yahoo.com ** PH.D. Candidate of Persian Language & Literature, homa.rafiei@gmail.com Goli* H. Rafiei Moghadam** Shahid Madani University of Azarbaijan Abstract The geometric design of ghazals of Hafez is considered as the most outstanding feature of his poetry discussed by many critics. Though some have written on the vertical cohesion of his ghazals, more has been written on the horizontal structure and geometrical order of the ghazals. Using literary and textual linguistics it is argued that there is a referential system that make two hemistiches with many close and far-fetched references. Hence Hafez make the vertical structure of his ghazals when there is a dominant narrative structure; while sometimes the horizontal takes over with many near and far-fetched relations inventing graphic structure to be available for the reader. Thus, the vertical and horizontal structure have a dialectic relationship. * Prof of Persian Language & Literature, ah.goli@yahoo.com ** PH.D. Candidate of Persian Language & Literature, homa.rafiei@gmail.com

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