Shiraz University Journal of Poetry Studies (boostan Adab) 2008-8183 12 3 2020 11 21 A Survey on different meanings of the pronouns 'I' and 'We' in Hafez's Divan A Survey on different meanings of the pronouns 'I' and 'We' in Hafez's Divan 187 216 5359 10.22099/jba.2019.33593.3390 FA Rooyintan Farahmand valiasr rafsenjan University Journal Article 2019 05 14   <br />Abstract <br /> Hafez has an exceptional ability in choosing the best words to convey meanings. The significant frequency of the pronouns "I" and "we", with various meanings and functions, in Hafez's poetry indicates that the poet tends to express personal, social, mystical, reprehensible, romantic, cosmic and eternal human sorrows. Hafez, in about 200 verses, reflects different types of "I" and "we" in connection with the mentioned subjects, very artistically. The issue of love, in a sort of visible and invisible way, is connected with Hafez's 'I' and 'we', as the affectionate and melancholic beings, manifests the eternal destiny of human beings with all its ups and downs. The prominent themes in Hafiz's 'I' and ' we', as a human being, are love, blame, and fate, something  inevitable and inescapable in life.  The pronoun 'We' also has multiple meanings in Hafez's perception and poetic style, resembling those found in 'I',  but with a lower frequency. Considering the main tenets of Hafez's poems, the presence of different kinds of descriptive and attributive 'we' and 'I', represents the poet's attitude towards desirable and undesirable aspects of the time, estrangements, and human existential contradictions. However, the employment of affectionate 'we' and 'I', in Hafez's poems, manifests  all good and evil traits of human beings. The use of collective noun adjectives, consecutive fixed phrases, consecutive adjectives with “and” as a conjunction,adjective, or addition, used after the poet’s pseudonym, are the signs that contribute to a better understanding of 'I' and 'we' in Hafez’s lyrical poetry. <br />    <br />Abstract <br /> Hafez has an exceptional ability in choosing the best words to convey meanings. The significant frequency of the pronouns "I" and "we", with various meanings and functions, in Hafez's poetry indicates that the poet tends to express personal, social, mystical, reprehensible, romantic, cosmic and eternal human sorrows. Hafez, in about 200 verses, reflects different types of "I" and "we" in connection with the mentioned subjects, very artistically. The issue of love, in a sort of visible and invisible way, is connected with Hafez's 'I' and 'we', as the affectionate and melancholic beings, manifests the eternal destiny of human beings with all its ups and downs. The prominent themes in Hafiz's 'I' and ' we', as a human being, are love, blame, and fate, something  inevitable and inescapable in life.  The pronoun 'We' also has multiple meanings in Hafez's perception and poetic style, resembling those found in 'I',  but with a lower frequency. Considering the main tenets of Hafez's poems, the presence of different kinds of descriptive and attributive 'we' and 'I', represents the poet's attitude towards desirable and undesirable aspects of the time, estrangements, and human existential contradictions. However, the employment of affectionate 'we' and 'I', in Hafez's poems, manifests  all good and evil traits of human beings. The use of collective noun adjectives, consecutive fixed phrases, consecutive adjectives with “and” as a conjunction,adjective, or addition, used after the poet’s pseudonym, are the signs that contribute to a better understanding of 'I' and 'we' in Hafez’s lyrical poetry. <br />  https://jba.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5359_346c9a037be946bed6d81d9096e2d9e5.pdf