An Analysis of the Accuracy of Attribution of Divane Khatayi to Shah Isma'il I of Safavid Based on Gerard Genette’s Theory

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili.

2 Department of History & Sociology, Faculty of Social sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili.

10.22099/jba.2023.44249.4263

Abstract

Shah Isma'il I of the Safavid dynasty was the inheritor of the politics and courage of the late Safavid sheikhs (Sheikh Junaid and Sheikh Haidar) and his maternal grandfather (Ozone Hasan Ag Ghoiunlu) and the virtues and spirituality of the old Safavid sheikhs, especially Sheikh Safi al-Din Ishaq Ardabili. According to some reliable historical and literary sources, he had a poetic talent and Divane Khatayi has been attributed to him. However, the accuracy of this attribution has some opposing and adherents. This paper has studied Divane Khatayi and other literary and historical sources of the Safavid era in a descriptive-analytical way based on Gerard Genette’s Theory and concluded that according to the inner and outer paratextual evidence, the attribution of Divane Khatayi to Shah Isma'il I of the Safavids has a strong scientific, literary and historical backing. Most of the inner paratextual evidence of this attribution is related to the title of the divan and the poet’s pen name that in addition to implying the same person, frequently came together. Furthermore, most of the external paratextual evidence is related to biography writers' reports about his poetic talent and attribution of Divane Khatayi to him along with quoting examples of his poems. Other paratextual evidence includes references from historians, authors of dictionaries and encyclopedias, Selselat-ol Nasabs, travelogues, Ashiqs, etc. that confirm the accuracy of attribution of Divane Khatayi to him altogether.

Keywords

References

Abd ol-Razzaq Samarqandi, Kama ol-Din. (2004). Matla’i Sa’dain va Majma’i Bahrain. By Abd ol-Hosein Nava’i: Tehran, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
Al-Bourini, Hasan. (1963).Tarajim ol-A’yan Min Abna el-Zaman.V2, Salah al-Din al-Munjid, Damascus: Al-Majma’ ol-'Elmi el-Arabi press.
Alishire Nava’i, Amir Nizam Ol-Din. (1984). Majalis ol-Nafa’is. By Ali Asaghr Hekmat, Tehran: Manouchehri Library.
Allen, Graham. (2006). Roland Barthes. Translated by Payam Yazdanjou, Tehran: Markaz.
Al-Tehrani, Aqa Bozorg. (n.d.). Al-zhari'a ila, Tasanif el-Shi'a. Beirut: Dar ol-Azwa’.
Arabzadeh, Abolfazl. (1999). List of Manuscripts of Ayatollah Golpayegani Public Library. Qom: Dar ol-Qaran el-Karim.
Arasli, Hamid. (1946). Shah Isma'il Khatayi. Baku: Journal of Civil Society of Iran and Azarbaijan.
Azar Bigdeli, Lotfalibeig. (1957). Atashkadayi Azar. V1, Edited by Hasan Sadate Naseri, Tehran: Amir Kabir.
Bagheri, Mehri. (2010). Basics of Linguistics, Tehran: Qatre.
Bahari Sistani, Malek Shah Hosein. (2018). Tazkiraye Khair ol-Bayan. Edited by Abdolali Oveisi Kehkha, Zahedan: University of Sistan and Baluchestan.
Bakikhanof, Abbasqoli Agha. (2003). Golestani Eram. Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Banani, Amin et al. (2001). Safavids. Translated and Edited by Ya’ghoub Ajand, Tehran: Maula.
Barbaro, Giosafa et al. (1970). Venetian Travelogues in Iran. Translated by Manouchehr Amiri, Tehran: Kharazmi.
Chardin, Jean. (1966). Chardin Travelogue. V7, Translated by Mohammad Abbasi, Tehran: Amirkabir.
Dad, Sima. (2003). A dictionary of literary terms. Tehran: Morwared.
Eagleton, Terry. (2001). Literary Theory: An Introduction, Translated by Abbas Mokhber, Tehran: Mrakaz.
Ebadi Qarakhanlou, Mohammad. (2014). Ashiq Qorbani She’rlar. Tabriz: Akhtar.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ. (2014). Khasta Qasim, Tabriz: Akhtar.
Ergun, S. N. (1978) Divane Khatayi: Shah Isma’il of Safavid’s Life and Poetry, Istanbul: Ma’arif Press.
Esmaeilzadeyi Douzal, Rasoul. (2009). Shah Isma’il of the Safavid. Tehran: Al-Huda.
Espanaqchi Pashazade, Mohammad. (2000). Enqelab ol-Islam Bayn alKhavasse val-Avamm. By Rsoul Ja’farian, Qom: Dalil.
Fakhri Hiravi. (1966). Rawzat ol-Salatin. Edited by Abdol -Rasoul Khayyampour, Tabriz: Institute of Iranian History and Culture.
Gharibi, Montsha Oghlu. (2003). Divan and Tazkira of Rom Poets. Edited by of Hosein Mohammadzade Seddiq, Tehran: Editor.
Ghazvini, Abolhasan. (1988). Favayid ol-Safsviyya. Edited by Maryam Mirahmadi, Tehran: Institute for Cultural Studies and Research.
Hafizi Abru, Abdullah. (2001). Zobdat ol-Tawarikh. V2, Edited by Sayyid Kamal Haj Sayyid Javadi, Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.
Haji Khalifa, Mustafa. (1941). Kashf ol-Zonun. Edited by Sharf al-DIn Yaltkaya, Istanbul: Ma’arif Press.
Headayat, Reza Qolikhan. (1957). Majma' ol-Fosaha. By Mazahir Musaffa, Tehran: Amirkabir.
Hoseini, Mohammad Bagher. (2016). "The possibility of denomination the Qur'an into "text" based on a new definition in literary criticism theories. Biannual Journal of Ketab-e-Gayyem, Issue 6, No14, pp. 89-111.
Hujviri, 'Ali b. 'Uthman. (2002). Kashf ol-Mahjoub. Edited by Valentin Zhukofsky, Tehran: Tahuri.
Karimiane Sichani, Mahdi and Abdollahi Taromsari, Zahra. (2009). "Introducing a series of manuscripts in Turkish of the Library of the Islamic Consultative Assembly." Journal of Payame Baharestan, D. 2, Issue. 1, No. 4.
khandmir, Ghiasol-Din. (2001). The History of Habib ol-Seyar fi Akhbari Afradi Bashar. Supervisied by Mohammad Dabirsiyaqi, Tehran: Khayyam.
Khatayi, Shah Isma'il. (1966). Shah Isma'il Khatayi’s works. Edited by Hamid Arasli, Baku: Journal of Azarbaijan. S. S. Sciences Academy.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ. (2009). Collection of Shah Isma'il Safavi's Poems. Edited by of Rasoul Esmaeilzadeye Douzal, Tehran: Al-Huda.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ. (n.d.). Divane Khatayi. Manuscript, Library of the Islamic Consultative Assembly.
Kitabdar, Sadeghi Beigh. (1948). Majma’ol-Khavass. Translated by Abd ol-Rasoul Khayyampour, Tabriz: Akhtar.
Kushja, S. (2014). Mystic Elements of Shah Isma’il and Pir sultan Abdal’s poetry (B. A Thesis). Eskishahir Osmangazi University.
Latifi Kastamounili, Abd ol-Latif. (1935). Tazkiraye Latifi. By Ahmed Judat, Istanbul: Eqdam.
Mansouri, Firouz. (1977). Secrets in the Heart of History. Tehran: Author.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ. (2004). "The Rumor of Shah Isma'il Safavi’s Poesy." Journal of Hafiz, No. 2.
Mashkour, Mohammad Javad. (1970). A View on Azarbaijan History and its Antiquities and Demographics. Tehran: National works Association.
MirJa’fari, Hosein. (2005). "Shah Isma'il's lovers in Anatolia." Collected papers of the conference of Safavids on the History of Iran, by of Ali Sadeqi, Tabriz: Sotoude.
Mo’in, Mohammad. (2007). Persian Dictionary. V1. Tehran: Adena.
Modarris Tabrizi, Mirza Mohammad Ali. (2013). Rayhanat ol-Adab. Qom: Ayyatollah Mar’ashi Najafi Library.
Namvare Motlaq, Bahman. (2007). "Transtextuality: The study of the relationship between a text and other texts." Research Journal of Humanities, No. 56, pp. 2004-2014.
Peck, J. & Coyle M. (2002). Literary Terms and Criticism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Pirani, Mansour. (2016). "Treshold Texts in Relation to Comparative Literature (Case Study Sa’diname)”, Quarterly Journal of Comparative Literature Research, Issue 4, No 3, pp. 167-197.
Pirzade Abdale Zahidi, Hosein. (2016). Linage of Safavids. Edited by Hosein Nasir Baghban, Tehran: Armaghane Tarikh.
Rawzatian, Sayyida Mariam, and Mirbaqerifard, Sayyid Ali Asghar. (2011). "Intertextual Reading, Better Reception of Mystical Texts". Quarterly Journal of Kavoshnameh in Persian Language and Literature, Issue 12, No. 23, pp. 89-112.
Rawzatian, Sayyida Mariam. (2011). "Tazkirat ol-Awliya's attachments (intertextual study and comparison of the first and second part of Tazkirat ol-Awliya)." Persian Language and Literature Research Journal (Gohare Gooya), Issue 5, No. 1, pp. 147-174.
Roumlu, Hasan Beig. (1963). Ahsan ol-Tavarikh. By Charles Narman Siden, Tehran: Shams Library.
Roymer, Hans Robert. (2001). Iran on the way to a new era. Translated by Azar Ahanchi, Tehran: University of Tehran.
Safavi, Sam Mirza. (2005). Tazkirayi Tohfayi Sami. Edited by Rokn ol-Din Homayounfarrokh, Tehran: Asatir.
Salimi Kouchi, Ibrahim. (2017). "The role of paratextual elements in the development of Mathnavi's understanding." Quarterly Journal of Research in Contemporary World Literature, Issue 22, No. 1, pp. 249-268.
Sami, Shams ol-Ddin. (1929). Qamoos ol-A’lam. V3, Istanbul: Mehran.
Sasani, Farhad. (2005). "The Effect of Intertextual Relationships in Text Reading", Journal of Language and Linguistics, Issue 1, NO. 2, pp. 39-54.
Shami, Nizam ol-Din. (1984). Zafarnameh. By Panahi Semnani, Tehran: Book Publishing Organization.
Sultan ol-Qura'i, Mohammad Amin. (2016). "Introducing the unique manuscript of Shah Isma'il Safavi Khatayi’s Collection in the Library of Allameh Ja'far Sultan al-Qura'i." Journal of Payam Baharestan, Issue 9, No. 28, pp. 47-59.
Tarbiat, Mohammad Ali. (1994). Rejale Azarbaijan. By Gholamreza Tabataba’ie Majd, Tabriz: Negar.
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ. (1998). Azarbaijan scientists. By Gholamreza Tabataba’ie Majd, Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.
Turkaman, Eskandar Beig. (1955). Alam Araye Abbasi History. V1, Tehran: Amirkabir.
Valaye Daghestani, AliQoli. (2005). Tazkiraye Riaz ol-Sho’ara. V2, Edited by of Sayyid Mohsen Naji Nasrabadi, Tehran: Asatir.
Yazdi, Sharaf ol-Din Ali. (2008). Zafarname. Edited by Sayyid Sa'id Mirza Mohammad Sadeq and Abd ol-Hosein Nava'i, V1, Tehran: Library, Museum and Documentation Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly.
Zafar Ardabili, Mortaza Qoli. (2009). Divan of Turkish Poems Morteza Qoli Zafar Ardabili. Edited by Hosein Mohammadzade Seddiq, Ardabil: Sheikh Safi ol-Din.
 
 

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics