Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• Zohreh Ahmadypooranari ¹
• Hakimeh Daneshvar ²
• Mahdiyeh Afra ³

¹ Associate Professor, Department of Language and Literature Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of Language and Literature Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran

³ Senior expert in Persian language education - teacher, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Theme or subject matter is one of the most important semantic aspects of poetry, defining the poet’s thought and worldview and conveying the poet’s message to the reader. Theme is "the most fundamental and relatively abstract idea that takes concrete expressive form in a literary work" (Modarresi, 2011: 157). The theme of a work is not its topic but the central and main idea that can be expressed directly or indirectly (Cuddon, 2019). This article examines the theme of the final lines (maqta’) in the ghazals of three Kermani poets and Hafez-e Shirazi, the great 8th-century poet. It is noteworthy that since Hafez is a stylistic and one of the greatest writers of ghazal in the history of Persian literature, his poetry is used here as a standard and criterion for the eloquence of expression. Determining the theme of a ghazal and researching it is a challenging task because ghazal writers often use imagery and fill the ghazal’s atmosphere with frequently repeated themes, sometimes causing confusion between love and mysticism. Furthermore, due to the artistic ambiguity and aesthetic aspect of the ghazal, the theme is not expressed explicitly.

Keywords

• Emad-e Kermani
• Hafez
• Khwaju-ye Kermani
• Mir-e Kermani
• ghazal
• final couplet
• theme.‎

Main Subjects

• متون غنایی