Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• zohreh ahmadypooranari ¹
• hakimeh daneshvar ²
• mahdiyeh afra ³

¹ Associate Professor, Department of Language and Literature Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of Language and Literature Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran

³ Senior expert in Persian language education - teacher

Abstract

Abstract
In this research, the last couplets of ghazals in four poets of the 8th century including Mir-e-kermani, Khaju-ye-kermani, Emad-e-Kermani and Hafez-e Shirazi are examined to be found out the quality and quantity of the themes in the final verse of these poets and to be determined the semantic capacity of them. The descriptive-analytical method was used to do this research. For this purpose, the themes of all the final verses in the Diwan Ghazliat of four poets were extracted and analyzed. The results of the research showed that the ghazals' maqta' is a place to introduce various lyrical and non-lyrical themes. The existence of realistic themes such as subtlety (which is based on social criticism), boasting, panegyric, speaking about the homeland and expressing personal circumstances in ghazal increases the semantic capacities of the final verse of the ghazal and makes it important in historical, sociological and psychological studies. Moreover, the results of the research showed that the final verse can be a position for theme or semantics in a way that a thematic poet like Mir-e-kermani also expresses lyrical romantic themes in stanzas, but a semanticist poet like Hafez having an extroverted approach speaks about himself (by boasting poem and expressing his personal situation), others (with panegyric) and society (with advice and criticism).

Keywords

• Hafez
• Khaju-ye-Kermani
• Theme
• Emad-e-Faqih-e-Kermani
• End of Ghazals
• Mir-e-Kermani

Main Subjects

• متون غنایی