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Piran of Turan and Gudarz of Iran: A Comparative Study of Two Symbols of Wisdom in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh Based on Jung’s Archetype of the Wise Old Man

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Prof of Persian Language and Literature, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

2 PhD Candidate of Persian Language and Literature, Farhangian University, Zahedan , Iran

Abstract

Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh is more than a heroic epic; it is a multilayered work that reflects psychological, philosophical, and ethical concepts within its mythological and historical narratives. This monumental text not only recounts the history and culture of Iran through heroic tales but also symbolically portrays the structures of the human psyche. One of the most effective approaches to uncovering the hidden layers of the Shahnameh is the application of Carl Gustav Jung’s theory of archetypes. Jung argued that within the collective unconscious of humanity, primordial and universal patterns exist that recur across cultures in the form of characters and narratives. Among these archetypes, the “Wise Old Man” stands out as a symbol of wisdom, experience, and guidance, appearing in critical moments as counsellor and mentor. In the Shahnameh, two figures, Gudarz of Iran and Piran of Turan, despite standing on opposing sides of the battlefield, share striking similarities in their wisdom, prudence, and social roles. This article focuses on comparing these two characters, aiming to demonstrate how Ferdowsi reimagines wisdom within the epic framework and elevates it as a force distinct from physical strength and military valor.


 

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References
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Journal of Poetry Studies (boostan Adab)
Volume 18, Issue 2 - Serial Number 68
September 2026
Pages 119-136
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