Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• mohammad kazem hoseini ¹
• Esmaeil Narmashiri ²
• Mostafa Dashtiahangar ²
• mousa mahmoudzehi ³

¹ velayat

² Associate Professor

³ Faculty Member, Velayat University

Abstract

This study examined "Persian Speech Poetry" as a cultural-political response to the crisis of dialogue in Iranian society, rather than merely a stylistic evolution. The central question was how Speech Poetry distanced itself from the monologism of classical Persian poetry and transformed into a space for polyphony. The research employed an integrative theoretical framework combining Bakhtin's concepts (polyphony, dialogism) to outline the desirable horizon of dialogic space, and Althusser's theories (interpellation, ideological apparatuses) to explain the mechanisms of domination and rupture from monologism. Using directed qualitative content analysis with a historical-analytical approach, the study examined poets who served as "historical turning points" (Nima Yushij, Forugh Farrokhzad, Ahmad Shamlu, Mehdi Akhavan Sales, Nusrat Rahmani, and Seyyed Ali Salehi). The findings revealed an evolutionary chain: the deadlock of classical poetry in the late Qajar period; Nima's revolution through breaking the "five despotisms" (form, ornate language, lyrical self, abstract description, and rigid meter) and inventing the technique of "narrator-representation"; continuation by post-Nima poets; and finally Speech Poetry, which through colloquial language, natural speech rhythm, elimination of the "prophetic self," breaking the hierarchy of vocabulary, and dialogic structure, has completed Nima's unfinished project of "antiauthoritarianism" and realized "linguistic democracy" in Persian poetry. Speech Poetry thus offers a new reading of the relationship between literature and politics in Iranian society.

Keywords

• Persian Speech Poetry
• Polyphony
• Monologism
• Interpellation
• Subjectivation
• Extra-Verbal

Main Subjects

• ادبیات معاصر