Document Type : Research Paper

Author

• Mahmoud Gorji

Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting

Abstract

Abstract
For the first time, Stephen Karpman, an American psychologist, introduced the triad of “Perpetrator, Victim, and Hero” as the three primary social roles assumed by individuals within society. This theoretical framework, subsequently integrated into literary studies, psychoanalytic criticism, and narrative structure analysis, became widely known as the “Karpman Triangle.” The presence of the Karpman Triangle’s archetypal characters within narrative structures and numerous tales, stories, and fables constitutes a fundamental factor in their compelling nature. According to Karpman’s theory, these three roles are observable within the biography of every individual; people interchangeably assume these roles. These roles are not necessarily confined to human phenomena, and the “Victim” occupies the central axis of the narrative.Extensive discourse has also surrounded the poetry and life of Forough Farrokhzad, the eminent contemporary Iranian poet. Given that the imprint of Karpman’s archetypal characters is discernible in Farrokhzad’s narrative poems, the present study seeks to examine the modalities of their manifestation and to elucidate their psychological dimensions. To this end, several of her most significant works were subjected to descriptive-analytical scrutiny, with the objective of explicating the functions of the Karpman Triangle within her narrative poetry.The findings reveal that, within Farrokhzad’s narrative poems, the role of the Victim is more pronounced than the other two roles. Furthermore, despite an ostensible aversion to embracing the Victim role, Farrokhzad appears ultimately reconciled to its acceptance. This acceptance may be attributed to the prominence of the quality of “femininity.”

Keywords

• Narration
• Karpman Trilogy
• Villain
• Forough Farrokhzad
• Victim
• Hero

Main Subjects

• ادبیات معاصر